Factors Associated with Low Back Pain (LBP) Complaints in Service Staff at Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta

Abstract

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder frequently experienced by workers, particularly those in non-ergonomic working conditions and those performed over long periods of time. This complaint can reduce productivity, work efficiency, and the quality of life of workers, particularly healthcare workers who face significant physical strain in carrying out their daily tasks. This study aims to analyze factors associated with the incidence of LBP among healthcare workers at Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta. The study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was determined based on predetermined inclusion criteria, while data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between research variables. The variables studied included non-ergonomic working positions, age, gender, smoking habits, exercise habits, and length of service. The results showed that only non-ergonomic working positions were significantly associated with LBP (p-value 0.000). Meanwhile, age (p=0.285), gender (p=0.771), smoking habits (p=0.968), exercise habits (p=0.750), and length of service (p=0.771) did not have a statistically significant relationship. Thus, non-ergonomic posture and working position are major risk factors for LBP. Preventive measures can be implemented through ergonomics training, restructuring the work environment, and regular and ongoing health education to enable service personnel to work in safer, healthier, and more ergonomic postures.